Codex of compounds

Synthetic fragment of the gastric juice protective peptide (BPC), isolated from human gastric juice protein.

Synthetic fragment (region 17–23, LKKTETQ) of the natural peptide Thymosin Beta-4.

A natural 43-amino-acid peptide present in all cells; the parent peptide of TB-500.

Synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue (GHRP) of the fifth generation; derived from earlier GHRP peptides.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog with an albumin-binding Drug Affinity Complex that extends half-life.

Modified GHRH(1–29) with 4 amino-acid substitutions — enzyme-resistant but still short-acting (~30 min half-life), preserving physiological GH pulsatility.

The first 29 amino acids of natural GHRH — the biologically active portion of the full hormone.

Analog of human GHRH(1–44) with an N-terminal trans-3-hexenoyl modification — FDA-approved drug (Egrifta SV).

The most potent GHRP for acute GH spikes, but raises cortisol and prolactin and desensitizes quickly.

A hexapeptide GH secretagogue — strong GH spike with moderate appetite and prolactin/cortisol elevation.

First-generation GHRP — reliable GH spike but pronounced ghrelin-like hunger, so it is used by those struggling to gain mass.

Long R3 analog of insulin-like growth factor 1 — designed to avoid binding to IGF binding proteins and extend half-life.

A splice variant of the IGF-1 gene (IGF-1Ec) expressed in muscle after mechanical loading/damage; activates satellite cells for muscle repair.

PEGylated version of MGF with extended half-life (days instead of minutes) for systemic muscle-recovery effects.

A regulatory glycoprotein that binds and neutralizes myostatin and activin — removing the "brake" on muscle growth.

A soluble fusion protein (ActRIIB receptor + IgG Fc) — a decoy that traps myostatin and related ligands.

C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (region 177–191) that does not act via the IGF-1 pathway.

The C-terminal fragment of growth hormone (amino acids 176–191) — the region responsible for lipolysis.

A linear α-MSH analogue — FDA/EMA approved (Scenesse) as an implant for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) photoprotection.

Synthetic analog of alpha-MSH that stimulates melanocortin receptors.

Melanocortin agonist developed from the same chemistry as Melanotan-2; FDA-approved for female sexual dysfunction (Vyleesi).

Decapeptide fragment of kisspeptin-1, the natural GPR54 receptor agonist that triggers the reproductive axis.

Synthetic GnRH (decapeptide identical to human) — approved as a pituitary diagnostic; in pulsatile use treats hypogonadism/infertility.

Heptapeptide analog of tuftsin (a natural immunomodulatory tetrapeptide), developed in Russia.

Heptapeptide analog of the ACTH(4–10) fragment without corticotropic activity, developed in Russia.

A nonapeptide discovered in 1977 in rabbit brain during sleep; named for inducing delta (deep) sleep.

Tetrapeptide 'epitalon', the putative peptide factor of the pineal gland; developed in the Khavinson program.

A polypeptide extract of bovine thymus — a Russian bioregulator approved for immunodeficiencies.

Natural thymic peptide, N-terminally acetylated; approved in many countries (Zadaxin) for certain hepatitis indications and immunomodulation.

A pentapeptide (RKDVY) — the active region of thymopoietin.

The only human cathelicidin — an innate-immunity antimicrobial peptide.

The C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH — retains anti-inflammatory properties without pigmentation.

Natural copper-binding tripeptide present in plasma; declines with age.

A hexapeptide "topical Botox" — relaxes facial mimicry by reducing muscle contractions; reduces wrinkle depth, especially around eyes and forehead.

A palmitoyl-linked collagen fragment (KTTKS) — a signal peptide that "tricks" skin into perceiving collagen damage and triggers new synthesis.

An extended Argireline analogue (octapeptide) — second-generation "topical Botox" with reportedly greater potency on wrinkle depth.

Peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA region), a 'mitochondrial peptide' involved in metabolism.

A 24-aa mitochondrial peptide with cytoprotective action — levels decline with age and are higher in centenarians' offspring.

Tetrapeptide that accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane; developed as elamipretide.

A tripeptide (Glu-Cys-Gly) — the main intracellular antioxidant.

A nonapeptide pituitary hormone — approved for labor induction and postpartum bleeding.

A tetrapeptide derived from CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) — designed to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis.

An oligopeptide agonist of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/c-Met) — reportedly a million times more potent than BDNF at synaptogenesis.

A mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids from porcine brain — approved in 40+ countries for dementia, stroke and brain injury.

A dipeptide nootropic (prodrug of cycloprolylglycine) — approved in Russia for cognitive disorders.

GLP-1 analog with an extended half-life (~7 days), enabling weekly dosing; basis of Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus.

Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with weekly half-life; drugs Mounjaro, Zepbound.

Triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, in development as a subcutaneous anti-obesity drug.

A long-acting amylin analogue — reduces appetite via the area postrema.

A short-acting (daily) GLP-1 agonist — approved for diabetes (Victoza), obesity (Saxenda 3.0 mg) and CV risk (LEADER trial).

A weekly GLP-1 agonist (Fc fusion) — approved for type 2 diabetes with proven CV protection (REWIND).

The first GLP-1 agonist (2005), modeled on exendin-4 from the Gila monster.

An amylin analogue — approved as an insulin adjunct in type 1 and 2 diabetes; reduces appetite and postprandial glucose.

An MC4R agonist — approved for rare genetic obesities (POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiencies, Bardet-Biedl).

A 51-amino-acid peptide hormone — the cornerstone of type 1 and severe type 2 diabetes treatment.

Recombinant human growth hormone (191 aa) — approved for pediatric/adult GH deficiency, Turner/Prader-Willi syndromes, HIV wasting.

Recombinant human IGF-1 — approved for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency in children (Laron syndrome etc.).

A parathyroid hormone fragment (1–34) — an anabolic osteoporosis drug: unlike antiresorptives, it builds new bone.

A PTHrP(1–34) analogue — bone anabolic with less hypercalcemia than teriparatide; approved for high-risk postmenopausal osteoporosis.

A 32-aa hormone (salmon form used, more potent) — approved for osteoporosis, Paget's disease and hypercalcemia.

A GLP-2 analogue — approved for short-bowel syndrome: increases absorption and reduces parenteral-nutrition dependence.

A 14-aa peptide — guanylate cyclase-C agonist in the gut; approved for IBS-C and chronic constipation.

A uroguanylin analogue — GC-C agonist for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS-C, with less diarrhea than linaclotide.

A C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) analogue — the first drug to increase bone growth in achondroplasia (the most common dwarfism) in children.

A cone-snail-venom peptide (25 aa) — an intrathecal analgesic for severe opioid-resistant chronic pain; 1000× more potent than morphine without tolerance.

A vasopressin analogue without pressor effect — approved for diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis and mild hemophilia A/von Willebrand disease.

The natural nonapeptide ADH — approved for vasodilatory shock (sepsis) and diabetes insipidus; emergency medicine.

A highly potent GnRH agonist (depot) — paradoxical desensitization shuts down LH/FSH: chemical castration for prostate cancer/endometriosis/precocious puberty.

A depot GnRH agonist — same indications as leuprolide; also known for (imprudent) micro-dose "PCT restart" use in fitness circles.

A GnRH antagonist — immediate testosterone suppression without flare, for prostate cancer.

A GnRH antagonist — prevents premature LH surge during controlled ovarian stimulation (IVF).

A GnRH antagonist for IVF — prevents premature ovulation during stimulation.

A somatostatin-analogue octapeptide — approved for acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumors and variceal bleeding; "brakes" GH, insulin, glucagon, GI hormones.

A depot somatostatin analogue — acromegaly, GEP-NET tumors; proven to slow tumor progression (CLARINET).

A broader-spectrum somatostatin analogue (SSTR1/2/3/5) — approved for Cushing's disease and first-line-resistant acromegaly.

A cyclic heptapeptide designed from snake venom — a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor; emergency cardiology (ACS, PCI) against platelet aggregation.

A 20-aa peptide — direct thrombin inhibitor (hirudin analogue), anticoagulant in PCI.

A 36-aa peptide — the first HIV fusion inhibitor: blocks viral-cell fusion (gp41).

A 10-aa peptide — bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist; acute treatment of hereditary angioedema.

A recombinant peptide (60 aa) — plasma-kallikrein inhibitor for acute hereditary angioedema attacks.

A PEGylated GH-receptor antagonist — the only drug that directly blocks growth-hormone action; for acromegaly.

Recombinant BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide, 32 aa) — formerly approved for acute decompensated heart failure; abandoned after ASCEND-HF (no benefit).

A "peptibody" — a peptide TPO mimetic fused to Fc; stimulates platelet production in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Human chorionic gonadotropin, a natural glycoprotein hormone; approved drug for fertility and hypogonadism.

An extract of menopausal urine — a 1:1 FSH/LH mixture for ovulation induction and spermatogenesis.

A nasal GnRH agonist — endometriosis and central precocious puberty.

A GnRH agonist — prostate cancer, endometriosis, IVF protocols; available nasally and injectable.

Synthetic VIP (28 aa) — vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory neuropeptide; investigated for ARDS/COVID-19, pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction.

A synthetic enkephalin analogue (hexapeptide) — a Russian drug approved for pancreatitis, peptic ulcer and withdrawal states; an opioid peptide with peripheral action.

A cyclic undecapeptide from a fungus — the immunosuppressant that made organ transplantation possible that made organ transplantation possible; also for psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, dry eye.

A cyclic lipopeptide — reserve antibiotic for MRSA, VRE and complicated skin/bloodstream infections.

A glycopeptide antibiotic — for decades the "last line" against MRSA; orally for C. difficile.

A dipeptidyl boronate — the first proteasome inhibitor; backbone of multiple-myeloma therapy.

A tetrapeptide epoxyketone — second-generation irreversible proteasome inhibitor for myeloma.

A polypeptide extract of bovine/porcine cerebral cortex — a Russian nootropic approved for brain injury, encephalopathies, pediatric epilepsy.

A pineal-gland extract — the source of Epitalon; in Russian gerontology studies it normalizes melatonin, reproductive function and reportedly reduces mortality in the elderly.

A dipeptide (Glu-Trp) — a Russian immunomodulator approved for secondary immunodeficiencies; the "minimal" thymic bioregulator.

A dipeptide (Lys-Glu) from the thymic series — immunomodulator and geroprotector in preclinical models; one of the smallest active "peptide bioregulators".

A hepatoprotective tetrapeptide — liver regeneration and immunomodulation; studied in the elderly for liver and GI function.

A brain-series tetrapeptide — neuroprotection and nerve-tissue regeneration; potential in TBI and neurodegeneration.

A cardiomyocyte-series tetrapeptide — heart-muscle support, anti-fibrosis; gerontological use.

A vascular-series tripeptide — endothelial protection; in studies in the elderly it improves vascular-health parameters.

An immune-series tripeptide — immune rehabilitation after infections/therapies; geroprotective use.

A pancreas-series tetrapeptide — support of pancreatic function and glucose metabolism in the elderly.

A prostate tetrapeptide — normalization of prostatic function and microcirculation; part of Russian "peptide" urology.

A testis peptide complex — support of spermatogenesis and testicular function in men.

A brain-series tripeptide — cognitive support, neuronal hypoxia protection; popular in anti-aging protocols.

An oral pineal peptide complex (cytomedin class) — normalization of melatonin and neuroendocrine regulation.

An oral brain peptide complex — cognitive support in aging and after injury.

An oral vascular peptide complex — endothelial and microcirculatory support.

An oral cartilage/bone peptide complex — joint and bone support.

A broncho-pulmonary-series tetrapeptide — respiratory-epithelium regeneration; potential in chronic lung disease.

A liver-series tripeptide — hepatoprotection and detoxification support; gerontological use.

An oral adrenal peptide complex — adrenal and stress-response support.

An oral parathyroid peptide complex — calcium-metabolism and bone support.

An oral thymus peptide complex — immunomodulation, geroprotective use.

Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), developed for muscle atrophy; never approved.

A potent SARM — Phase I/II show dose-dependent lean-mass gains; known for pronounced size.

A strong SARM with neuroprotective potential (preclinical); in clinical development for AR+ breast cancer.

An early SARM — moderate anabolic strength, popular for cutting.

One of the most potent SARMs — closest to steroids in suppression; also studied as a male contraceptive (full spermatogenesis suppression in rats).

An atypical "SARM" — steroidal structure, partial AR agonist that reportedly raises follistatin (indirect myostatin inhibition).

A SARM from the Acadia program — anabolic potential with reportedly milder suppression; preclinical data also show cognitive/neural effects.

A SARM with documented neuroprotection in Alzheimer's models (preclinical); anabolic effect ~2/3 of testosterone with minimal prostate effect in rats.

A SARM focused on bone/muscle with very low androgenic effects; never entered serious clinical development, but present on the gray market.

A Bristol-Myers Squibb SARM — potent, selective; development stopped early.

A GSK SARM in development for cachexia (COPD/cancer) — Phase I/II show lean-mass gains with tolerability.

A SARM with a unique profile: increases bone mass without enlarging the prostate — studied for osteoporosis and (paradoxically) BPH.

A Merck/Pfizer SARM tested in women with sarcopenia — improved muscle function but without sufficient clinical benefit; discontinued.

A Pfizer SARM for cachexia/sarcopenia — Phase I completed, development discontinued.

A small molecule — inhibitor of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase), an enzyme that "spends" NAD+ and slows fat metabolism.

An ERR (estrogen-related receptor) α/β/γ agonist — "exercise in a pill": in mice increases fat oxidation, endurance and aerobic capacity without movement.

PPARδ agonist (GW-501516) developed for metabolism; development halted due to cancers in animals.

A REV-ERBα agonist — modulates the circadian clock and metabolism: in mice reduces fat, increases endurance.

A second REV-ERB agonist (α/β) from the same series — similar to SR9009 with a slightly different profile; fully preclinical.

Non-peptide (spiroindoline) growth hormone secretagogue, GHS-R1a agonist; orally active.

An oral ghrelin mimetic — approved in Japan (2021) for cancer cachexia: increases appetite and lean mass.

An oral GH secretagogue — FDA-approved as a diagnostic test for adult GH deficiency (the only oral GHS diagnostic).

An oral ghrelin agonist — approved in veterinary medicine (Entyce for dog appetite, Elura for cat cachexia); human development (Phase II sarcopenia) stopped.

An NAD+ precursor — one of the most popular "longevity" molecules.

A vitamin B3 form — the NAD+ precursor with the best regulatory status (FDA GRAS/NDI, EU novel food).

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide — universal cofactor of redox reactions and sirtuin substrate.

Macrolide from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, discovered on Rapa Nui island; mTOR pathway inhibitor.

Biguanide derivative, type 2 diabetes drug since the 1950s; mitochondrial complex I inhibitor.

The first senolytic combination — clears senescent ("zombie") cells: dasatinib (leukemia drug) + quercetin (flavonoid).

A flavonoid (strawberries, apples) — the most potent natural senolytic in preclinical screens; extends mouse lifespan.

A pomegranate postbiotic (the microbiome makes it from ellagitannins) — activates mitophagy, mitochondrial "recycling".

A polyamine from fermented foods (cheese, natto, wheat germ) — an autophagy inducer; epidemiology links intake to longevity; extends lifespan in all model organisms.

A red-wine polyphenol — it launched the "sirtuin" era of longevity science; human effects are modest and bioavailability low, but it remains popular.

A Krebs-cycle metabolite — extends healthy lifespan in mice (Ca-AKG), popular in longevity stacks; also a sports supplement (AAKG).

An old drug/dye (methemoglobinemia, historically malaria) — micro-dosed as a mitochondrial nootropic: improves cellular respiration and memory in small studies.

A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Skulachev ion) — eye drops approved in Russia (Visomitin); studied for dry eye and cardioprotection.

A mitochondrial uncoupler — dissipates the proton gradient → increased energy expenditure without DNP-like hyperthermia.

A dopamine/norepinephrine/serotonin reuptake inhibitor — strong appetite suppression (Phase II: ~−10% weight); originally developed for Parkinson's/Alzheimer's.

The first oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist — FDA-approved April 2026 as Foundayo for obesity: an Ozempic-in-a-pill without peptide, refrigeration or food/water restrictions.

A redox cofactor — stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α) preclinically; an energy/cognition supplement, often paired with CoQ10.

An aminosulfonic acid — a 2023 Columbia study (Science): lifespan extension in mice/monkeys with age-related decline in levels; drove a surge of longevity research interest.

An amino acid — improves sleep quality (lower core temperature), a glutathione precursor; the GlyNAC combination shows marked metabolic benefits in the elderly.

A mitochondrial lipid cofactor — electron transporter in the ETC; proven benefit in heart failure (Q-SYMBIO) and statin myalgia.

An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor — slows carbohydrate absorption; ITP program: lifespan extension in male mice (+22%); geroprotector candidate.

A non-feminizing estradiol stereoisomer — ITP: lifespan extension in male mice (+19%) without feminization; metabolic and immune benefits.

A long-acting vasopressin analogue — hepatorenal syndrome (FDA 2022) and variceal bleeding.

A long-acting oxytocin analogue — prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.

An oxytocin-receptor antagonist — stops preterm contractions (tocolysis).

Full-length kisspeptin (54 aa) — a more potent GnRH stimulator than KP-10; clinically studied for reproductive disorders and HSDD.

A nucleoside (ribose analog), an intermediate in de novo purine synthesis; pharmaceutically developed as acadesine.

Synthetic fragment of human erythropoietin's helix B; designed to retain tissue protection without hematopoietic effect.

A synthetic homing peptide fused to a proapoptotic motif; targets the vasculature of white adipose tissue.

Claimed to be acetylated Semax with an adamantane group; adamantane is a rigid hydrocarbon cage that increases lipophilicity.

A copper chelate of a tripeptide occurring naturally in serum proteins; developed as a GHK-Cu alternative.

Human pituitary hormone; Acthar gel = natural porcine ACTH(1-39) in repository formulation; cosyntropin = synthetic (1-24).

An engineered single-chain peptide based on relaxin's B-chain; related to serelaxin (recombinant relaxin that failed in phase 3).

Synthetic tripeptide from the Soviet/Russian bioregulator program (St. Petersburg).

Synthesis of Humanin-derived sequences with a poly-arginine transduction motif.

A fragment of the natural human CDNF protein; identified by screening sequences for neurotrophic potential.

A natural peptide from frog secretions (Phyllomedusa sauvagii and relatives); biosynthesis runs through non-ribosomal peptide synthetases — hence the D-amino acid.

A synthetic amylin analog with lipid conjugation; designed for AMY1R selectivity, low immunogenicity and aggregation resistance.

Designed by converting the FOXO4 p53-binding sequence into a retro-inverso form (D-amino acids, reversed order) for protease resistance.

Recombinant human myostatin — soluble growth differentiation factor 8.

Insufficiently defined: 'HEP-1' is sold as a liver peptide extract or a synthetic analog depending on the source — two different things under one name.

Occurs naturally as a product of IGF-1 proteolysis in circulation; gray supply is a synthetic/recombinant analog.

An oxyntomodulin analog: human oxyntomodulin with amino-acid substitutions for GCGR strengthening and lipid conjugation for a ~1-week half-life.

An endogenous hormone; the synthetic version is identical to the natural molecule.

A modification of the Khavinson tetrapeptide for greater stability; not part of the original program.

The natural human neuropeptide; the gray version is a synthetic analog of the same sequence.

The natural human neuropeptide from the prepro-orexin precursor; the gray version is a synthetic analog.

Synthesis based on the spadin sequence (sortilin-derived), shortened to the minimal TREK-1-binding motif.

Designed around the p53(12-26) sequence with membrane-active properties; synthetic.

Designed: PTD (transduction domain) + DBM motif (Dvl binding); synthetic.

A synthetic tripeptide from the Soviet-Russian program; the name suggests a testicular bioregulator.

Insufficiently defined — as with HEP-1, it is sold under a name covering several different preparations.